Endocrinology

What Will You Learn?

• Big picture concepts - How to study Endocrinology, A to Z rule, Endocrine system layout, Diagnosing in Endocrine
• Aldosterone - Aldosterone regulation, Aldosterone function, Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) – Signs & symptoms, How to diagnose & treat Hyperaldosteronism
• Cortisol - Regulation, function, Cushing syndrome, Adrenal insufficiency
• Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Catecholamine synthesis pathway, PKU, Alkaptonuria, Albinism, Pheochromocytoma, Neuroblastoma, Maple syrup urine disease
• MEN syndromes
• Prolactin - Regulation, function, Hyperprolactinemia, How to diagnose & treat Prolactinoma, Association of Hypothyroidism and infertility, Prolactin & Osteoporosis
• Growth hormone - Regulation, signaling, functions, Acromegaly
• Antidiuretic hormone - Osmolarity/Osmolality, regulation, functions, SIADH, Diabetes insipidus
• Thyroid hormone - Development, blood & nerve supply, synthesis, Concept of Thyroglobulin, Thyroid hormones regulation, Thyroid hormones functions, Thyroid hormones – Big Picture Concept, T3 effect on thyroid hormone pathway, Hyperthyroidism, Hyperthyroidism workup, Concept of Primary Hyperthyroidism, Concept of pretibial myxedema & graves ophthalmopathy, Concept of exogenous hyperthyroidism, Concept of neonatal thyrotoxicosis, Hypothyroidism, Concept of hypothyroidism & hyperlipidemia, Congenital hypothyroidism, Concept of Euthyroid sick syndrome, Thyroid medications, Wolff-Chaikoff vs Jod-Basedow phenomenon, Thyroid storm vs Myxedema coma, Concept of Thyroid histology, Thyroid nodule Workup, Thyroid cancers, Concept of old age and male hormones, Concept of estrogen & thyroid hormones, Concept of congenital thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) deficiency
• PTH, Calcium, Phosphate, Vitamin D, Calcitonin - Regulation, hypercalcemia workup, hypercalcemia signs/symptoms, Hyperparathyroidism, osteoclast differentiation, PTH/Magnesium, Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia, Hypercalcemia of malignancy & Hypercalcemia, Vitamin D toxicity & Hypercalcemia, Granulomatous disease & Hypercalcemia, Immobilization & Hypercalcemia, Milk-Alkali syndrome, Thyrotoxicosis & Hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease of the bone, Vitamin D & Bone, Blood transfusion & Hypocalcemia, Hungry bone syndrome, Acute Pancreatitis & Hypocalcemia, Calcitonin & Hypocalcemia, Malabsorption & Hypocalcemia, Hypocalcemia, Steroids & Bone, Estrogen and Bone
• Glucagon - Regulation, signaling, functions, Glucagonoma
• Insulin -Insulin synthesis, Concept of C-peptide, Insulin regulation, Insulin secretion, Multisystem effects of Insulin, Big picture concept – Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus Screening, Diabetes Mellitus Signs & symptoms, Biochemistry concept Triglyceride breakdown, Diabetes Mellitus Complications (Big picture), Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) vs Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), DKA vs HHS – Management, Potassium concept in DKA/HHS, Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetes & Cataract mechanism, Diabetic nephropathy, Ace inhibitors & slowing progression of diabetic nephropathy, Diabetic neuropathy, Macrovascular complications, Bonus multisystem concept, Antihyperglycemics Big picture concept, Insulin therapy, Biguanides, Insulin secretagogues, Thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 agonist, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, ɑ-glucosidase inhibitors, Hypoglycemia, Appetite hormones & Insulin, Metabolic hormones & their G-protein coupled receptors
• Hypopituitarism - Craniopharyngioma, Sheehan syndrome, Pituitary apoplexy